Rhiodiola Extract
Salidroside (Rhodioloside): A glucoside of tyrosol, known for its adaptogenic properties.
Rosavin, Rosin, and Rosarin: Glycosides of cinnamyl alcohol, unique to Rhodiola rosea.
How does it work?
Adaptogenic and Anti-Stress Effects: Rhodiola extract modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and balances the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). It enhances neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels for more focus and higher brain activity and energy.
Antioxidant Activity: Salidroside, Rosavin, Rosin, and Rosarin scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxynitrite. They also enhance the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Rhodiola extract inhibits the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), a key transcription factor that regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. It also downregulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
Mitochondrial Function and Energy Metabolism: Salidroside enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and function by upregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). It also increases the efficiency of the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP production.
Impact: Improved mitochondrial function and energy metabolism enhance cellular energy production, reduce fatigue, and support physical endurance.
Neuroprotective Effects: Rhodiola extract modulates the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes and enhancing the release and receptor sensitivity of these neurotransmitters. It also promotes neuronal survival and reduces apoptosis by activating neuroprotective pathways, including the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways for enhanced cognitive function and support mental health.